Electronics and Projects

Content about electronics, circuits, components, audio amplification, assembly, maintenance, experimentation, and the development of electronic projects, combining theoretical foundations with practical applications.

Content in this area is produced by , a professor and researcher with experience in electronics, technology, education, and project development.

How Does a Diode Work with Alternating Current? Understanding Half-Wave Rectification

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The diode is one of the most important and simplest components in electronics. One of the first things we learn about it is: A diode allows current to flow primarily in one direction and blocks it in the opposite direction. This characteristic becomes particularly interesting when we place a diode in a circuit powered by

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Why Use a Capacitor in Parallel with a Brushed Motor?

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Anyone who has ever opened an electric toy, a remote-controlled car, or another device that uses a brushed DC motor has probably come across a small capacitor soldered directly across the motor terminals. At first glance, this connection may seem strange. After all, if the motor runs on direct current and the capacitor is connected

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Digital Electrical Energy Meter: Voltage, Current, and Power

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Knowing that a device is turned on is not the same as knowing how it is consuming energy. A digital electrical parameter meter allows you to monitor quantities such as voltage, current, and power directly on a display. Depending on the model, it may also show frequency, power factor, and accumulated energy consumption. In the

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How to Build a Homemade Variable Power Supply with a Voltmeter and Ammeter

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Anyone who starts building electronic circuits quickly realizes that there is one piece of equipment that ends up being used practically all the time: the power supply. Batteries are useful, but we don’t always have exactly the voltage we need. For one project, we might need: 3 V; for another: 5 V; then: 9 V;

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Switching Power Supply for LiPo, Lead-Acid, and Other Battery Chargers

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Anyone who uses batteries in model aircraft, RC cars, or model boats has probably come across chargers that are not plugged directly into a wall outlet. They need a DC power supply, often 12 V, provided by an external source. Depending on the battery and the selected charging current, this power supply needs to be

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Homemade Power Supply with XL4016: How to Build an Adjustable Step-Down Power Supply

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Having an adjustable power supply on the workbench is extremely useful for anyone who works with electronics. At one moment we need 12 V. Then 9 V. In another project, perhaps 5 V or a different voltage to test a particular circuit. A relatively simple solution is to use a DC-DC converter module and turn

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LM2596 Voltage Regulator for Arduino: How to Build a Variable Power Supply

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When we need to power an electronic circuit with a voltage lower than the one available from the power source, a practical solution is to use a regulator module based on the LM2596. This small module can reduce a DC input voltage and provide a regulated output. The adjustment is usually made using a small

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How to Reuse an FM Radio Power Supply: Capacitor, Regulation, and Improvements

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When we disassemble an old electronic device, not everything necessarily needs to be discarded. Many devices contain components and circuits that can be reused in other electronics projects. FM radios are a good example. Inside them, we can find speakers, transformers, potentiometers, electronic components, and, depending on the device, a power supply that can be

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